fabalis: large, long-necked, long-billed, flat-headed, upperparts darker than underparts, usually extensive orange bill markings, orange legs and feet
rossicus: small, short-necked, short-billed, round-headed, upperparts darker than underparts, bill with orange band, orange legs and feet
brachyrhynchus: small, short-necked, short-billed, round-headed, upperparts (icy blueish gray) lighter than underparts, bill with pink band, pink legs and feet
Field marks
Madge S & Burn H (1988): Wildfowl. - London.
Ogilvie M & Young S (1998): Photographic Handbook of the Wildfowl of the World. - London.